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乳膠漆屬于(yu)強制(zhi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)范(fan)疇論(lun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)上述介紹過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)何(he)種法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)類(lei)型、法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)蓄籌(chou)鉆形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)及相應(ying)法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，在(zai)(zai)苛刻的(de)(de)(de)介質(zhi)(zhi)操作環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)都(dou)(dou)可能發(fa)生(sheng)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。根據發(fa)生(sheng)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)，法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)可歸納為以(yi)下(xia)三類(lei)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種被(bei)(bei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)介質(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)與(yu)兩法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi).主要原因是(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓緊力不足、法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)結合面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)粗糙(cao)度不恰當、管道熱(re)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、機(ji)械振動(dong)等(deng)都(dou)(dou)會(hui)引起密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)與(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)合不嚴而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。另外，法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)連接后，螺栓(shuan)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、伸(shen)長及密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)長期使用(yong)(yong)后塑性變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 回彈力下(xia)降、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)材料(liao)(liao)老化、龜裂(lie)、變(bian)質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，也會(hui)造成墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)與(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)合不嚴而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)瀚，如(ru)圖22一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)2所示(shi)因此，把這種由(you)于(yu)金(jin)屬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)交(jiao)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上不能很好(hao)吻合而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)稱為“界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)”無(wu)論(lun)哪種形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)或哪種材料(liao)(liao)制(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)都(dou)(dou)會(hui)出現(xian)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)在(zai)(zai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)連接部位上所發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)事(shi)故(gu)，絕大多(duo)數(shu)是(shi)這種界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，多(duo)數(shu)情況下(xia)，這種泄(xie)(xie)(xie)潤(run)事(shi)故(gu)要占(zhan)全(quan)部法(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)80%~9S%以(yi)上，有時(shi)甚至是(shi)全(quan)部滲(shen)透(tou)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種被(bei)(bei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)介質(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)微小間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)。植物(wu)(wu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(棉(mian)、麻、絲)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(羊毛、兔毛等(deng))、礦物(wu)(wu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(石棉(mian)、石墨(mo)、玻璃、陶瓷等(deng)和(he)化學(xue)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(尼(ni)龍、聚四氛乙烯(xi)等(deng)各種塑料(liao)(liao)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei))等(deng)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)制(zhi)造密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)常用(yong)(yong)原材料(liao)(liao)，還(huan)有皮革、紙板(ban)也常被(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)材料(liao)(liao)。這些墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)基礎材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織成分(fen)比較(jiao)疏(shu)松，致密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)性差 纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)有無(wu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)徽小縫隙(xi)，很容易被(bei)(bei)流體(ti)(ti)介質(zhi)(zhi)浸透(tou)，特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)流體(ti)(ti)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)壓力作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，被(bei)(bei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)介質(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)微小縫滲(shen)透(tou)到低壓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側來.如(ru)圖22一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)3所示(shi)。因此，把這種由(you)于(yu)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)縫隙(xi)，流體(ti)(ti)介質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定條件(jian)下(xia)能夠通(tong)過(guo)(guo)這些縫隙(xi)而(er)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)現(xian)象稱為滲(shen)透(tou)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)誦(song)滲(shen)透(tou)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)翻(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般與(yu)被(bei)(bei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)流體(ti)(ti)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)工作壓宕t藤滾關，壓力越高，泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)流里也會(hui)隨之(zhi)(zhi)增大。